重庆市西永微电园区电子企业工人职业紧张状况及其影响因素

Occupational stress and its influencing factors among workers in electronic enterprises in Xiyong Micro-electronics Industrial Park of Chongqing City

目的调查重庆西永微电园区电子企业作业人员职业紧张及压力现状,分析其相关影响因素,并探讨缓解紧张及压力的方法。方法采用分层整群抽样方法抽取西永微电园区电子企业419名作业人员进行职业紧张量表(OSI-R)调查。结果 OSI-R包括职业紧张任务(ORQ)、个体紧张反应(PSQ)和个体应对资源(PSQ)3个问卷。西永微电园区电子企业职工具有较高的职业紧张水平,ORQ(169.40±22.94)和PSQ(102.50±19.67)得分高于西南地区平均水平,PRQ(125.26±15.16)得分低于西南地区平均水平,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其重点影响因素为:性别、年龄、教育程度和接触多种职业病危害因素。PSQ与ORQ呈正相关,与PRQ呈负相关,ORQ较PRQ对PSQ的影响更大。影响PSQ的因素影响力从大到小排列为任务冲突(RB)、工作环境(PE)、责任感(R)、任务过重(RO)、任务不适(RI)、理性处事(RC)、任务模糊(RA)、娱乐休闲(RE)。结论职业紧张干预应优先考虑对ORQ的改善,尤其是RB。改善电子行业工作环境,加强从业人员的健康教育,提高应对资源能力,从而降低紧张反应。其干预的重点为<35岁的学历较低的男性和同时接触多种职业病危害因素的人群。

[Objective] To investigate the occupational stress status among workers in electronic enterprises in Xiyong Microelectronics Industrial Park of Chongqing City,analyze its influencing factors,and explore the way to relieve the occupational stress.[Methods]419 workers were collected from the electronic enterprises in Xiyong Micro-electronics Industrial Park by the stratified cluster sampling method,and they were investigated with the Occupational Stress Inventory-Revised Edition（OSI-R）.[Results]OSI-R included occupational role questionnaire（ORQ）,personal strain questionnaire（PSQ）and personal resources questionnaire（PSQ）. The employees in the electronic enterprises in Xiyong Micro-electronics Industrial Park had higher levels of occupational stress,their scores of ORQ（169.40 ±22.94）and PSQ（102.50 ±19.67）were higher than the average levels in southwest China,while the scores of PRQ（125.26±15.16）were lower than the average levels in southwest China,and the differences were statistically significant（P〈0.05）. The main influencing factors included gender,age,education level and exposure to a variety of occupational hazard factors. The PSQ scores were positively correlated with the ORQ scores,and negatively correlated with the PRQ scores.ORQ contributed more to PSQ than PRQ.The primary influential factors of PSQ were listed in an effective order as below：role boundary（RB）,physical environment（PE）,responsibility（R）,role overload（RO）,role insufficiency（RI）,rational cognitive（RC）,role ambiguity（RA）,recreation entertainment（RE）.[Conclusion]The occupational stress intervention should give priority to the improvement of ORQ,especially the RB. It is necessary to improve the working environment of electronics industry,strengthen the health education,and improve the ability of coping resources,to reduce the occupational stress.The intervention should focus on the males younger than 35 years old and with lower education background,and the workers exposure to a variety of occupational hazard factors.