2010—2014年乌鲁木齐市水痘流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Urumqi City from 2010-2014

目的了解乌鲁木齐市水痘流行现状及特征,为预防控制水痘提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对乌鲁木齐市2010—2014年水痘疫情资料进行统计分析。结果 2010—2014年乌鲁木齐市共报告水痘病例12 259例,年均发病率78.81/10万,各年度水痘报告发病率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;全年均有病例报告,发病高峰为5至6月和10月—次年1月;发病年龄以0~15岁为主,占77.15%;男性病例多于女性,男女报告发病数之比为1.2∶1;职业以学生、幼托儿童和散居儿童为主,分别占水痘报告发病数的50.38%、24.78%和13.71%。结论学生和幼托儿童是水痘高发人群,学校和托幼机构是水痘高发场所,春末夏初和冬季呈发病高峰。应加强学校和托幼机构传染病防控工作;加强卫生宣传和健康教育工作;加强疫情监测,掌握水痘流行趋势和分布特征;做好暴发疫情的应急处理,有效控制疫情蔓延。

[Objective]To understand epidemic status and characteristics of varicella in Urumqi City,provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of varicella.[Methods]A descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemic data of varicella from 2010 to 2014 in Urumqi City.[Results]A total of 12 259 varicella cases were reported in Urumqi City from 2010 to2014,with the e average annual incidence of 78.81/lakh,and there was statistically significant difference in annual incidences（P〈0.01）. The cases were reported in throughout the year,and the peak seasons appeared May to June and October to January of next year. Most of cases were people aged 0-15 years old,accounting for 77.15%. The male cases were more than female cases,and the male-to-female was 1.2 ∶ 1. The cases of students,preschool children and scattered children respectively accounted for50.38%,24.78% and 13.71% of total cases.[Conclusion]The students and preschool children have the higher incidence rate of varicella,schools and nurseries are the high risk places,and the peak seasons appear in late spring to early summer,and winter.It is necessary to strengthen the infectious disease prevention and control work in schools and nurseries,improve the health promotion and education,enhance epidemic monitoring to know the epidemic tendency and the distribution characteristics of varicella,and implement the emergency treatment of outbreak to control of the spread of the epidemic.