2005—2014年深圳市宝安区猩红热流行特征

Analysis on epidemic characteristics of scarlet fever in Baoan District of Shenzhen City from 2005-2014

目的了解深圳市宝安区猩红热流行状况,为制定防制措施及预测疫情趋势提供科学依据。方法运用描述流行病学方法对2005—2014年深圳市宝安区猩红热疫情资料进行分析。结果 2005—2014年深圳市宝安区共报告790例猩红热病例,无死亡,年平均发病率为1.9/10万;3—5月及11月至次年1月为发病高峰,期间报告病例数分别占病例总数的41.65%和30.88%;新安（4.50/10万）和西乡街道（3.33/10万）发病率居前（χ~2=86.2,P〈0.01）;男性年均发病率（2.57/10万）高于女性（1.28/10万）（χ~2=92.27,P〈0.01）;发病主要集中于小年龄段,其中3~7岁组（52.36/10万）年均发病率最高;病例职业构成的前3位为托幼儿童（36.2%）、散居儿童（35.9%）、学生（26.5%）。结论深圳市宝安区猩红热2011年开始呈现快速上升趋势,托幼儿童及学生为猩红热发病的高危人群,托幼机构和小学等集体单位将是今后防控工作的重点。

[Objective]To understand the epidemic situation of scarlet fever in Baoan District of Shenzhen City,provide scientific basis for developing the prevention and control measures and forecasting the epidemic trend. [Methods]Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze epidemic data of scarlet fever in Baoan District Shenzhen City from 2005-2014.[Results]Totally 790 cases of scarlet fever were reported in Baoan District Shenzhen City from 2005-2014,with the average annual incidence rate of 1.9/lakh,and there was no death case. The peak seasons appeared March to May and December to January of next year,which the cases respectively accounted for 41.65% and 30.88% of total cases. The incidence rate in Xin＇an Street（4.50/lakh）and Xixiang Street（3.33/lakh）were higher than that in other streets（χ~2=86. 2,P〈0.01）. The average annual incidence rate of males（2.57/lakh）was higher than that in females（1.28/lakh）significantly（χ~2=92.27,P〈0.01）. The cases mainly concentrated in younger age group,and the average annual incidence rate in 3-7 year-old age group was the highest（52.36/lakh）. The top three occupations were preschool children（36.2%）,scattered children（35.9%）and students（26.5%）.[Conclusion]The epidemic situation of scarlet fever in Baoan District of Shenzhen City has showed a rapid upward trend since 2011. The preschool children and students are the high-risk population of scarlet fever,and the prevention and control should focus on the kindergarten and primary school in the future.