肺结核潜伏性感染的诊断和预防性治疗的探讨

Discussion on diagnosis and preventive therapy of latent tuberculosis infection

中国是全球22个结核病高负担国家之一,每年新增活动性肺结核病例高达100万。调查显示,中国有大约5.5亿人感染了结核菌,占总人口的约45%。在全球范围内,WHO估计有1/3的人口均是潜伏性肺结核感染者（latent tuberculosis infection,LTBI）。如果不采取有效的预防和治疗措施,其中有5%~10%的人有可能发展为活跃性肺结核。作为一种公共健康问题,LTBI适当的诊断和治疗方法对于最终去除结核病（TB）是至关重要的。

China is one of 22 high tuberculosis（TB）burden countries around the world,and there are 1 000 000 new cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis every year in China. Earlier survey shows that estimated 550 million people are affected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in China,accounting for about 45% of the whole population. The world health organization（WHO）estimates that a third of the global population is latent tuberculosis infection（LTBI）. If effective prevention and treatment measures are not managed,5%-10% of whom may develop active tuberculosis disease. As a public health problem,appropriate diagnosis and treatment of LTBI are critical for controlling and eventually eliminating tuberculosis.