清代琉球官学教育的嬗变与革新——以潘相《琉球入学见闻录》为中心

The Evolution and Innovation of Ryukyu's Official Education in Qing Dynasty:A Review of “Anecdotes of Ryukyu Education” by Panxiang

乾隆年间潘相所撰《琉球入学见闻录》,是现存唯一系统全面记载国子监琉球官学教育的文献。琉球官学为琉球培养了大批人才,对清代中琉宗藩关系的稳固起到了重要作用。潘相任琉球教习之时曾对琉球官学进行了一系列的教学改良:在传统儒学教育基础上加强对琉球官生的综合素质培养;借鉴书院教规,将书院制度与官学教育相结合;注重传统小学与文学教育,并将其与经学相统一。潘相的教学改良促进了琉球官学的转折与新变,为后世琉球官学的教育教学提供了典范。

Compiled by Panxiang during the reign of Qianlong emperor, ＂Anecdotes of Ryukyu Education＂ is the only existing literature that systematically recorded Ryukyu＇s official education of Directorate of Imperial College. Ryukyu＇s official education fostered many talents for Ryukyu and played an important part in the stability of suzerain-feudatory relationship between Qing and Ryukyu. When Panxiang took up the teaching position in Ryukyu, he carried out a series of teaching reformation on Ryukyu＇s official education. He enhanced the cultivation of comprehensive quality of officials and students in Ryukyu on the basis of traditional Confucianism education, combined academy system with official education in light of the academy teaching rules, and attached great importance to traditional elementary and literary education while unifying it with study of Confucian classics. Panxiang＇s teaching reformation promoted the new changes of Ryukyu＇s official schools and provided an example for Ryukyu＇s official education and teaching afterwards.