构建曲线型仰卧手术体位的试验研究

Experimental study on construction of curved supine surgical position

目的构建曲线型仰卧手术体位,总结制订安置规范,为术中压疮的预防提供新方法和新思路。方法对112例健康受试者采用自身对照法,应用Xsensor压力感应垫监测手术床由直线调节为曲线过程中,受试者与手术床的接触面积及身体主要受压部位(枕后、肩胛骨、骶尾部、小腿、足跟)的压力变化,寻找压力分布最均匀的曲线角度。结果与直线型仰卧位相比,最佳曲线型仰卧位全身接触面积增大,骶尾部和足跟部压强峰值降低,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.01),受试者舒适度增加,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);最佳曲线角度为:头背板12.0°±2.4°、腿板13.0°±3.4°、脚板10.7°±3.9°,结合临床经验制订了《曲线型仰卧位安置规范》。结论曲线型仰卧位能有效降低主要受压部位的局部压强,增加患者舒适度。

Objective To construct craved supine surgical position to prevent pressure ulcer in operating theatre. Methods A self-control study was conducted with 112 healthy subjects. Xsensor mattress system was used to monitor pressure change from traditional supine position to curved supine position,including contact area of the subject and the operation bed and peak pressure of main compressed parts（occipital site,scapular regioo,sacrococcygeal region,shanks and heels）,and the curved supine surgical position was established with the best pressure distribution. Results Significant differences were found in the contact area,the peak pressure of sacrococcygeal region and heels and the comfort level of suhjects（P〈0.01）,with the best curve angle of 12.0°±2.4°on head and back board, 13.0°±3.4°on leg board and 10.7°±3.9° on foot board. The Standard of Curved Supine Surgical Position was drafted combining clinical experience. Conclusion The curved supine surgical position can effectively reduce regional pressure of main compressed parts and improve coprove.