豫西地区下沉式生土窑居冬季热性能研究

Study on Thermal Performance of Underground Cave Dwelling in West Area of He'nan in Winter

以豫西地区的下沉式生土窑居为研究对象,采用现场实测及理论分析方法对其冬季热性能进行定量研究。研究结果表明,下沉式设计可营造良好的庭院微气候,院心空气温度较之地上提升0.5~3.6℃,自然运行窑室内中心点空气温度在4.5~12℃之间波动;同时,窑室内空气及内壁面温度随进深及高度增加呈升高趋势。最后,选取地上砖混建筑以及火炕窑与自然运行窑室进行热环境对比,并提出温度变异系数衡量房间空气温度波动幅度。结果表明：燃烧火炕可提升室内温度3℃左右,砖混建筑室内温度最低且波动幅度最大。

Taking an underground cave dwelling in west area of Hehan as the research object, thermal performance was analyzed by monitoring, field measurement and theoretical analysis. Results showed that a favorable microclimate could be created by sinking-style design. Compared with the ground air temperature, air temperature of courtyard increased by 0. 5 - 3.6 ~C. The air temperature fluctuation of free running cave dwelling ranged from 4.5 to 12℃. Meanwhile, distributions of indoor air temperature and inner wall surface temperature showed an increase trend as they went deeper or higher. Finally, brick building and Kang building were taken as referenced buildings to evaluate thermal environment and comfort of rooms in three types based on temperature variation coefficient. According to the results, indoor air temperature was increased by around 3 ℃ by heating heated brick beds. However, indoor air temperature of brick building was the lowest because of the poor thermal performance of building envelope.