元江南地区的籍没及其社会影响新探

New Exploration of Jimo Punishment and Its Social Influence in the South of the Yangtze River during Yuan Dynasty

元代江南籍没,来自蒙古等北方籍没制随军事征服由北而南的推衍或复活。籍没妻子主要适用于"新附地面"谋逆反叛和妖言惑众等,皇帝亦可随时降旨处罚。包括朱清、张瑄等被籍没妻子沦为官奴,流窜远方,少数或借充怯薛及皇帝特恩而撤销"没入籍"。籍没妻子者通常兼没财产,对采生、私盐、官吏贪赃等犯罪亦实施籍没财产。针对富豪的籍没家赀,大抵是官府抑制豪强在籍没刑罚上的兑现。籍没在江南的移植和复活,特别是籍没妻子,部分增加官府驱奴,违背江南奴仆"雇身"大势。与"抄估"或多类似的家赀籍没及豪富籍没在最富庶的江南地区的延伸,又彰显元朝廷对臣民人身不完全占有的财产实现或强制攫夺。由于籍没的次第推衍,包括南人在内的元臣民不自觉地受到蒙古父权制军事封建主义的"洗礼",实际充当了明清籍没格外盛行的重要社会根由。

Jimo （籍没） punishment in the South of the Yangtze River during Yuan Dynasty was the derivatives of the Mongolia and other northern societies＇ Jimo punishment which was carried forward by the military conquest from north to south. Jimo Qizi （妻子） was largely applicable to punishing rebels and scaremongers in the ＂new join in ground＂ （新附地面） , etc. The emperor could also decrees penalty at any time, including registering confiscating Zhu Qing （朱清） and Zhang Xuan （张瑄） ＇s Qizi, exiling the distance. The few who were registered and confiscated could be emperor＇s special permission or being his partners Qie Xue （怯薛）. The criminal who confiscated Qizi was also confiscated property. In terms of registering and confiscating rescinded with the was registered and the property of the rich, it is the embodiment of the government restraining local strongmen. Official transplanted Jimo Punishment in the South of the Yangtze River, especially the way truing Qizi registered and confiscated into slave was contrary to the servant＇s ＂hire＂ trend. In a sense, it was the government＇s poverty implementation or compulsory grabbed, in the case of incompletely possessing its people. It is the Jimo punishment in the South of the Yangtze River during that why Jimo particularly prevalent in Ming and Yuan Dynasty that acted as an important social roots Qing dynasties.