元代程墨批点、“矜式”专书与元代文论

Remark on the Examination Paper,Works about Jin Shi and the Literary Theory in the Yuan Dynasty

作为应试文,程墨的"一体化"写作模式和评判尺度对于举子的思想和情感产生了约束作用,这是一切应试教育的共同特点。程墨评点是考官与举子之间的对话,"矜式"类专书则是这种对话的扩展与延伸。当这些科举人物以其文章观念去编选文集的时候,科举文论与文学理论的关系便至为明显了。元代的文学理论和创作并非凭空产生,其逻辑起点早在举业的启蒙时期便已开始。元代(尤其是中后期)文人的知识构成中,科举文的理论具有基石和"底色"的意义。

As examination articles, the integrated writing style and criticism level of examination paper put a restriction on examiners＇ minds and feelings, which is a common character of exam-oriented education. Remark on the examination paper is a dialogue between examiners and candidates. Works about Jin Shi is an extension of the dialogue. The relationship between the examination theory and the literary theory became clearer when the candidates were editing works later according to their article idea. I＇d say it this way： The Yuan dynasty＇s literary theories and works started as early as the beginning of the examination era. The examination theory plays a cornerstone role in the knowledge structure of the literati in Yuan dynasty （especially in the middle and late Yuan dynasty）.