困境与超越:论晚明士人的“色隐”思想

Predicament and Transcendence: On the Scholar's Thought Hiding in the Beauty in the Late Ming

"色隐"是晚明出现的一种新型隐逸思想,其表征为徜徉声色之场,嗜之成癖;其实质在于"缘色以为好",在"真"与"情"所构建起的"桃源"中安顿身心,"忘忧"以"尽年"。晚明这些"色隐"者多为失意才士、豪士,一方面,他们沉溺声色,为端人庄士所訾;但另一方面,却能为子尽孝,为国尽忠,忠义大节比之端人庄士有过之而无不及,可谓融声色之乐、忠孝之心于一身,立身行事,充满历史的吊诡。晚明士人这种独特的"色隐"思想是阳明心学影响下产生的重情、"求乐"新人生理念与天下无道之现实相激荡的产物,同时也与万历以后心学禅化兴起的声色参禅之风有密切联系。究其实质,是晚明士人为超越人生困境而采取的一种自我"救赎"方式。

The phenomenon of ＂Hiding in the Beauty＂ was a new form of withdrawing from society and living in solitude in late Ming. It characterized by wandering sensual fields and its essence was to settle in body and mind, so as to forget their troubles in this way. The thought of ＂Hiding in the Beauty＂ in the late Ming was drawn by a lot of frustrated and gifted persons. They were addicted to sensual fields, so decent people despised them, but on the other hand, they were able to be filial to their parents and loyal to the country. Their acts as the scholar were full of historical paradox. This unique thought of ＂Hiding in the Beauty＂ in Later Ming Dynasty, was generated from the influence of Yangming＇s Philosophy of Mind, which was a new philosophy of life for valuing feeling and pursuing the happiness. Of course, it was closely related to Philosophy of Mind tending to the Zen After Wanli. In the essence, it was a kind of self-salvation way of life beyond the predicament for those scholars in late Ming Dynasty.