证据法的理性传统与理论维度——威廉·特文宁的证据理论解读

RationalTradition and Theoretical Dimension of Law of Evidence

在过去四十年,英美证据法学研究无论在研究重点还是在研究方法一直处于深刻的转型之中。在这一转型过程中,威廉·特文宁对证据法长期的法理学追问占据着极其独特的枢纽地位。本文以特文宁的知识活动为主线、以其证据理论思想为样本来加以剖析,理清法理学本身的反思性机制和整体性视野对于证据法学研究所具有的指引与重构价值。特文宁对证据法的法理学追问既源于宏大时代背景的挑战,同时也与个人学科背景和知识素养密切相关。他所系统总结的英美证据法学的理性主义传统、司法证明的分析方法以及"诉讼中的信息"的系统知识框架都已经成为英美证据法理论的重要贡献。证据法哲理化研究在我国正值方兴未艾,特文宁的证据理论及其对证据法法律维度的知识活动可以为当前的证据法哲理化研究提供重要的智识资源和示范效应。

The Evidence Scholarship was in the Process of Transformation in Last Forty Years. William Twining＇s Re- search are playing a very particular Role in the transformation of Anglo--American Evidence Scholarship. By analyzing the re- search of Twining, we can find how the rethinking mechanism and broad perspective of jurisprudence would be helpful to guide and reconstruct the Evidence Scholarship. The challenge of social context and personal circumstance had both encouraged the cross--question of Twining to Evidence Law. The Rationalist Tradition of Evidence Scholarship, The analysis methods of judi- cial proof and the intellectual framework of information in litigation has been the most important Part of Evidence Theory. twi- ning＇s research can offer important intellectual resources and excellent model to the philosophic theorization of Evidence Law in China.