论行政法上的减轻处罚裁量基准

Discretion Benchmarks of Mitigation of Punishment in Administrative Law

在部分行政管理领域,由于立法设置的行政处罚起点与行政相对人的经济承受能力不成比例,减轻处罚已成为执法实践中的惯常做法。然而,减轻处罚裁量权的行使伴随着依据不足的合法性难题和的行政恣意合理性难题,亟待建立科学合理的裁量基准加以应对。从法律适用的角度,减轻处罚包括要件裁量和效果裁量两部分,二者共同构成一个完整的裁量权构造。在要件裁量层面,应借助情节细化技术补充创设"经济困难"的裁量基准,并对现有的法定减轻情节进行准确认定。在效果裁量层面,一方面要综合运用罪名式量罚和体系式量罚规则来重构现行的幅度减轻处罚裁量基准,一方面要透过减少罚种的数量和性质来构建种类减轻处罚的裁量基准。

In some areas of administrative law enforcement, due to the legislated starting point of punishment is not com- pletely adapt to the administrative counterparts＇ economy ability, mitigated punishment has become a common practice. How- ever, the exercising of the mitigated discretion power is accompanied with certain legal risks, thus need to establish a scientific and reasonable discretion standard to deal with it. From the perspective of law application, the mitigated punishment discretion is divided into two parts：discretion of circumstances and discretion of results. The discretion standards of circumstances should utilize the detailing technology to accurately apply the existing statutory circumstances, and introduce the economic difficulties as a discretionary circumstance. As for discretion standards of results, on one hand, it should comprehensively use the accusa- tion measurement rule and the systematic measurement rule;On the other hand, it should also reasonable use the species miti- gating technology.