某医院护士专业自我概念与职业倦怠和离职意愿的相关性调查

A survey on thecorrelation of nurses'professional self-concept on job burnout and turnover intention in a hospital

目的探讨护士的专业自我概念对护士职业倦怠、离职意愿的影响。方法 2014年10月,选取某医院护士492名,采用专业自我概念量表、职业倦怠问卷量表和离职意愿量表进行匿名问卷调查。结果护士中出现职业倦怠的比例高达77.64%,职业倦怠护士在情感耗竭(27.15±7.18)、去人格化(9.32±4.07)、职业效能(18.76±7.61)3个维度方面与无职业倦怠护士对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且护士的护龄越长、学历越高、加班时间越久,职业倦怠情况越严重(P<0.05)。护士中具有离职意愿的比例达80%,且离职意愿随着学历、加班时间呈上升趋势(P<0.05),随着护龄呈下降趋势(P<0.05)。具有职业倦怠和离职意愿的护士的专业自我概念与无职业倦怠、无离职意愿比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论护士的专业自我概念与职业倦怠、离职意愿均呈高度相关,可对护士的职业倦怠、离职意愿采取针对性的干预措施,增强护士的专业自我评分。

Objective To explore the impact of nurses＇ professional self-concept on occupational burnout and turnover intention. Methods 492 nurses were chosen in a hospital in October 2014, and anonymous questionnaire survey of the nurses＇ professional self-concept, job burnout and turnover intention were conducted. Results The prevalence of the job burnout among the nurses were 77.64% and the score of the emotional exhaustion（27.15 ± 7.18）, depersonalization（9.32± 4.07） and professional efficacy（ 18.76 ± 7.61） in 3 articles of job burnout questionnaire were significantly worse than the score of nurse with no job burnout （P〈0. 05）. The longer of working year and working overtime, the higher educational attainment, the more serious situation of the job burnout（P 〈0.05）. The will of turnover in the nurses was almost 80%, and increased with higher educational attainment and longer working overtime were （P 〈0.05）, while declined with longer work years （P〈0.05）. When the nurse＇s professional self-concept with job burnout and turnover intention was compared with the nurse＇s professional self-concept with no job burnout and no intention, statistical significance was found （P〈 0.05）. Conclusions the nurses＇ professional self-concept and job burnout, turnover intention is highly correlated, and the nurse＇s job burnout, turnover intention should be targeted by intervention measures for strengthening nurses＇ professional self-score.