考虑不同类型充电需求的城市内电动汽车充电设施综合规划

An Integrated Planning of Electric Vehicle Charging Facilities for Urban Area Considering Different Types of Charging Demands

电动汽车在城市内的行驶是其主要应用场景,合理规划市内充电设施具有重要的现实意义。私有充电桩慢速充电、公共充电桩的常规充电以及充电站的快速充电是城市内电动汽车的主要充电方式。首先基于电动汽车保有量和行驶统计数据得到电动汽车总充电需求;其次,根据电动汽车用户的充电行为将充电需求分类,对应由不同充电设施满足;随后,抽象出道路网的结构,考虑不同充电设施间的相互影响,基于改进的P中心定位模型建立了一个以总投资成本、运维成本、电量成本和充电站用户成本最小为目标的整数线性规划模型,优化得到各类充电设施的规划方案。算例分析表明,所提方法可以合理满足城市电动汽车充电需求,对私人充电设施配建比例对总成本影响的分析可以更好地指导充电设施的规划。

Driving in the urban area is the main application scenario of electric vehicle （EV）, urban EV charging facilities planning has important practical significance. Slow charging with private charging piles, regular charging with public charging piles and fast charging in fast charging stations are the three main charging modes for urban EVs. Firstly, the total charging demands are obtained according to the number of EVs and travel statistics. Secondly, the charging demands are divided into different types according to EV users’ charging behavior, which are satisfied by different charging facilities correspondingly. Then the studied road network is extracted from the urban road network and considering influence of different charging facilities, an integer linear programming model is proposed based on the P-center location model, with the objective of minimizing the total investment cost, operation and maintenance cost, energy cost and users’ cost of the charging stations. Analysis of calculation example shows that proposed planning method can rationally meet urban charging demands. Discussion of private EV charging behaviors and cost analysis can better guide charging facilities planning.