提升地方人大立法权利能力与行为能力的制度路径初探

A Tentative Study of Institutional Path for the Improvement of Legislative Rights Power and Behavior Power of Local People's Congresses

将民事法律制度的民事权利能力与行为能力的二重能力说引进行使公权力的立法领域,对我国现行立法制度中的立法权作立法权与立法权利能力的两个层次的立法权限分类,并在立法权、立法权利能力与立法行为能力之间建立比较紧密的规范与行为之间的逻辑联系。加强地方立法权利能力建设要从扩大地方立法的授权出发,通过授权来扩大地方立法权利的能力,使得地方立法更好地适应立法需求。与此同时,培育与立法权利能力相适应的立法行为能力。这就需要运用法治思维和法治方式提升地方人大的立法能力,对地方立法能力做二元化的区分,即把属于立法权利能力的问题从立法行为能力中分离出来,根据地方人大各自的立法依据不同,对地方人大立法能力提出不同层次的法治要求。

Introducing the dual power theory into the legislative domain of public powers in analyzing the civil rights power and behavior power in civil law system, this article offers a categorization of legislative power and rights power of the existing legislative system in China, and established a closer logical link between standards and behaviors for legislative rights ,power, and behavior. For improving the quality of local legislation ,we need to enlarge local legislative authorization to strengthen the local legislative rights power, which make local legislation meet the needs of legislation better. At the same time, it is necessary to cultivate legislative behavior power which is adapted to legislative rights power. This would require to improve legislative power of local People＇s Congresses by using legal thinking and the rule of law means, distinguish the problems of legislative rights power from those of legislative behavior power, make legal request of different levels to the legislative power of local People＇s Congresses according to the different basis of legislation of each local People＇s Congresses.