基于EMAC模式的多省交界区公共危机跨界治理机制

Research on Cross-boundary Governance Mechanism of Public Crisis in Chinese Multi-Province Junction Area Based on EMAC

多省交界区是我国公共危机的多发地段,"囚徒困境"与"屏障效应"严重影响治理效果。以湘渝黔边"锰三角"为例,分析了我国多省交界区公共危机跨界治理"至下而上"推动和"至上而下"干预模式,存在着治理主体单一、缺乏规范化的跨边界合作治理制度保障和一体化协同合作机制等缺陷。美国《州际应急管理互助协议》(EMAC)以法律的形式构建了跨州协同治理框架和运作机制,给我国多省交界区公共危机跨界治理极大启示。我国多省交界区应构建全国性的危机救助合作框架、跨省多中心治理网络、一体化的运作流程,以实现跨界协同治理目标。

The multi-province junction area is prone area of public crisis. ＂Prisonerg Dilemma＂ and ＂Barrier Effect＂ seriously affect the results of the governance. Taking the ＂Manganese Triangle＂ among Hunan, Chongqing and Guizhou for example, the paper analyzes ＂bottom up＂ and ＂top-down＂ modes of public crisis management in Chinese multi-province junction area. There are many defects in public crisis management of multi-province junction area, such as single subject, lack of cross-border cooperation governance system and lack of integration and collaboration mechanisms. The Emergency Management Assistance Compact （EMAC） in the United States as a law builds the interstate cooperative governance framework and operational mechanism, which gives us great inspiration. The national framework for crisis relief cooperation, inter-provincial multi-center network management, and integration of operational processes should be built in the multi-province junction area in order to achieve synergy goal of governance.