宁南山区典型饮水型集雨系统的水质特征

Characteristics of Drinking Water Quality in Different Typical Rainwater Harvesting System in Southern Ningxia

针对宁南山区典型饮水型集雨系统窖水的水质特征研究薄弱的问题,通过对水窖进行实地监测,对比研究了不同集雨系统水窖在贮存雨水约180 d后水质基本达到稳定状态时的水质特征。结果表明,(1)在集雨面同为庭院的条件下,混合窖(水泥砂浆抹面,窖底铺胶泥)的水质总体优于水泥窖;以混凝土公路面为集雨面的胶泥窖水质较差。(2)3种集雨系统中窖水的总磷(TP)量均超标,其中公路面与胶泥窖组合形式下的总磷(TP)量超标较严重,达到66.7%。(3)3种典型集雨系统窖水中的细菌总数均严重超标,且只有公路集雨形式下的胶泥窖水中的大肠杆菌超标。集雨面污染对窖水水质的影响较大,公路收集的雨水水质较差;地区水窖应因地制宜,采用混合窖要优于纯水泥窖。

To study the drinking water quality in hydropenic mountain area of southern Ningxia, cellar water qual- ity of three typical rainwater harvesting system was tested and analyzed. The rainwater was collected and stored about 180 days when the water quality approximately achieved a stable state. The results indicated that, under the condition of the same rainwater catching field-courtyard paved with red clay bricks, the quality of water in mixed- material cellar with cement sand plaster and red clay paved bottom was better than that in cement cellar; and the quality of water in red clay cellar was worst when using the concrete road as rainwater catching field. The water index TP（total phosphorus） exceeded the standard in three rainwater harvesting systems, and TP of stored water in the red clay cellar collected by concrete road exceeded mostly, whose value was 66.7% above the permitted level. Bacteria in water exceeded the standard seriously in three rainwater harvesting systems, but coliform bacte- ria was checked out only in the stored water in red clay cellar collected by concrete road. Water collected by road can be easily polluted and this situation couldn＇ t be improved even the cellar was with good storage materials. The quality of water in cellar with mixed-materials is better than water in cement cellar.