不同覆盖措施下春小麦产量及影响因素分析

Analysis on Yields and Influence Factors of Spring Wheat under Different Mulching Treatments

通过野外大田观测试验,测定了不同覆盖措施(地膜覆盖(B)、石子覆盖(S)、秸秆覆盖(M)和对照(CK))对土壤含水率、地温及光合速率的变化特征及春小麦产量的影响。结果表明,对照的地温高于覆盖处理,覆盖措施能有效降低地温的变化率;在春小麦生长初期,S处理保水效果较好;成熟期,M处理保水效果优于其他措施,整个生育期B处理的土壤含水率最高,是最佳的保水措施;春小麦光合速率日变化规律大小依次为地膜覆盖(B)>石子覆盖(S)>CK>秸秆覆盖(M),籽粒产量大小依次为地膜覆盖(B)>石子覆盖(S)>CK>秸秆覆盖(M),秸秆覆盖不利于春小麦光合作用,减产达9.4%。地膜覆盖增产10.9%,是适宜该地区的最佳覆盖措施。

Effects of different mulching treatments on the grain yield, and the changing characters of soil mois- ture content, ground temperature and net photosynthetic rate of spring wheat were studied in desert oasis. Four mulch modes were set, such as, Film mulch （B）, Stone mulch（S）, Straw mulch （M） and CK. The results were as follows： the ground temperature of CK was higher than those of the other mulching treatments. The ground tem- perature change rates were reduced effectively by mulching treatments. The stones mulching was better con- trolled by soil water than the other treatments at the beginning growth of the spring wheat. But, the straw mulch- ing was better controlled by soil water than the other treatments at the mature periods of the spring wheat. In all of the growth periods, film was the best mulching treatments because it had the highest soil moisture content. The diurnal variations of spring wheat＇ s photosynthetic rate were in the descending as order of B〉S〉CK〉M. The grain yield was in descending as order of B〉S〉CK〉M. Compared with CK, the straw mulching was bad for net photosynthetic rate of the spring wheat so that the grain yield decreased by 9.4%. The grain yield of film mulch treatment increased by 10.9%.