青少年学生自杀危险因素分析及预防控制措施

Risk Factor Analysis and Preventive Measures of Suicide Among Young Students

目的:分析青少年学生自杀的发生原因、危险因素以及早期的预防控制措施。方法:随机选取2014年10月至2016年6月广州医科大学附属脑科医院收集的100例有自杀意念、自杀计划甚至自杀未遂的青少年学生作为观察组研究对象,同期选取100例健康的青少年自愿者作为对照组。对两组对象进行面访及问卷调查,统计比较两组对象的自杀危险因素(包括人格特征、应对方式、不良生活事件以及不良家庭环境等)评分,危险行为(抑郁症、学习压力重、成绩差以及恶意欺凌)的发生比例,探讨社会防控干预措施,以减少自杀行为的发生。结果:对照组焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、应付方式评分(CSQ)、青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)以及家庭环境量表(FES)均显著优于观察组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组抑郁、学习压力重、成绩差以及恶意欺凌等危险行为的发生比例显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:青少年学生自杀危险因素众多,主要有人格特征、应对方式、不良生活事件以及不良家庭环境等方面,应给予有针对性的预防和控制措施,降低自杀行为的发生。

Objective To study and analyze the risk factors and early prevention and control measures for young students suicide.Methods 100 cases of suicide ideation,suicide plan and even suicide attempt of adolescent students from June October 2014 to 2016 collect were selected as the research objects of the observation group.In the same time,select 100 cases of healthy young volunteers as control group.In the subjects of two groups were interviewed and the questionnaire survey,statistical comparison of the two groups of suicide risk factors（including the personality characteristics,coping style,negative life events and adverse family environment）,Risk behavior（depression,heavy academic pressure,poor performance and malicious bullying）ratio of occurrence,to explore the social prevention and intervention measures,to reduce the Less suicidal behavior.Results compared with the control group,the SAS（self rating Anxiety Scale）,SDS（self rating Depression Scale）,CSQ（coping style score）,ASLEC（adolescent life event scale） and FES（family environment scale） were significantly better than the observation group,the difference is statistically significant（P 0.05）.The observation group＇s depression,heavy academic pressure,and the proportion of poor performance by malicious bullying and other dangerous behaviors significantly higher than the control group,the difference was statistically significant（P 0.05）.Conclusion young students suicide risk factors many,personality characteristics,coping style,negative life events and adverse family environment should be given for the prevention and control measures and reduce the occurrence of suicidal behavior.