注水补灌对砂田马铃薯产量及效益的影响

Effects of Supplemental Irrigation on Potato Yield and Benefit in Sand Field

春夏季连旱是严重制约靖远县旱作区马铃薯高产稳产的关键因素,为了探索利用田间地头的集雨水窖,用少量的水保障砂田马铃薯的生长,最大限度地提高水资源利用率,达到旱作区砂田马铃薯高产稳产的目的,引进注水补灌技术,利用地头的集雨水窖开展注水补灌次数对砂田马铃薯的增产效果试验。结果表明,马铃薯注水3次产量最高,达30 870 kg/hm^2,增产率49.89%,注水2次增产率33.50%,注水1次增产率23.89%;马铃薯注水3次单株鲜薯数、单株鲜薯重、单株商品薯数等经济性状明显改善,马铃薯单株商品薯重注水3次最高为0.59 kg,注水2次为0.53 kg,注水1次为0.49 kg,不注水的为0.34 kg。商品薯率、经济效益随着注水补灌次数的增加而增加。注水补灌是砂田马铃薯抗旱增产的有效途径。

Spring and summer drought is a key factor restricting stable and high yield of potato in Jingyuan arid area. In order to make use of the field water cellars, to maximize the utilization of water resources, improve sand field potato production, and achieve the stable and high yield, supplemental irrigation technology was introduced, and field experiments were carried out on sand field potato. The results showed that the highest yield of potato reached 30 870 kg/ha when potato plant was irrigated three times during the growing season, and the yield increased by 49.89%, 33.50% and 23.89%, respectively, when supplemental irrigation was made three times, two times and one time compared with the control （no supplemental irrigation）. Economic characters such as the quantity and weight of fresh and marketable tuber per plant were also improved significantly with irrigation three times. The weight of marketable tuber per plant was 0.59, 0.53, 0.49, and 0.34 kg, respectively, when the irrigation times were 3, 2, 1 and 0. Marketable tuber percentage and economic benefit were increased with increase in irrigation times. This experiment suggests that supplemental irrigation is an effective way to increase production of sand field potato.