张爱玲小说《小团圆》中的苍凉基调

On the Keynote of Melancholy in Eileen Chang's Little Reunion

张爱玲的文学创作常以苍凉著称,她的许多小说,诸如《金锁记》《倾城之恋》等,开头都为读者展现出了一副苍凉的意境,《小团圆》也不例外,在《小团圆》中她把这种苍凉文风发挥到极致。关于《小团圆》的研究已有不少成果,但综观这些学术成果,关注的热点问题大都是小说是否为作者的自叙传、"张胡之恋"的内涵、张爱玲的妇女观等,对小说的苍凉文风关注不够。通过研读文本,可以看出《小团圆》虽然是自叙传,反映了张爱玲的少年生活、求学经历、爱情遭遇、母女关系等,但又不同于自叙传,它来源于张爱玲的生活积累,同时又有张爱玲的匠心独运,它反映了张爱玲高超的创作技巧,特别是张爱玲对苍凉风格的选取运用。张爱玲在故事的编排、人物形象的设计、意境的营造方面,都给小说打上了苍凉的底色。她在《小团圆》中编织的破碎的家国梦、难圆的闺阁梦,塑造的盛九莉、邵之雍、蕊秋、盛九林等可悲可怜的人物形象,营造的大考前的早晨、晚唐的月亮、木雕的鸟等紧张或冰冷的意境意象,揭示了乱世背景下浮世生活的不可预测和难以把握、爱情的短暂和失去难再得、每个生命或物质个体的微不足道。她冷冷的地撕开了生命华美的袍,使人在看到生命本真的同时,也看到了人性的丑恶。《小团圆》让人在张爱玲去世20多年后,读之仍不免叹惋,它是张爱玲的人生感悟,也是张爱玲一生命运的真实写照,更是张爱玲悲剧意识产生的深层原因。

Eileen Chang ’ s novel creation is famous for melancholy , and there is no exception for Little Reunion.In this novel, she brings this style into full play.In other words, the arrangement of events, the design of characters’ image, and the creation of image are all used to express the keynote of melancholy .Describing the stories of family , country , and love in the troubled times , she reveals that the worldly life is unpredictable and hard to grasp , that the love is short-lasting and will be not gained if missed, and that every individual is not worth mentioning .Among the researches of this novel , the most representative one is the theory of autobiography .However, this paper argues that this novel is autobiography since it expresses her unhappy life and sadness .However , on the other hand , it is different from autobiography since it comes from her life experience as well as her unique creation style which shows her excellent writing skill , especially the use of melancholy .This novel cannot only lead the readers to discover the essence of life but also the evil of human nature .In a word, it is her understanding of life and the description of her density .