丛枝菌根真菌对红花生长及根际土壤微环境的影响

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhization on the growth of safflower and the microenvironment of rhizosphere soil

为提高红花产量与品质,通过田间试验研究了接种丛枝菌根真菌对红花生长、产量以及根际微环境的影响。试验设计4个处理:摩西球囊霉菌(Glomus mosseae)单菌接种组(GM)、根内球囊霉菌(Glomus intraradics)单菌接种组(GI)、G.mosseae与G.intraradices混合菌接种组(H)、不接种的对照组(CK),测定了红花伸长期的生物量、丛枝菌根真菌侵染率、土壤有机质含量、土壤酶活性、土壤pH值及根际土壤碱解氮、速效钾、有效磷含量等指标。结果表明:3个接种组丛枝菌根真菌均有侵染,混合菌接种组侵染率最大(69.00%);与对照组相比,接种组的生物量和产量均明显提高(P<0.05),其中接种混合菌的效果最大,红花生物量、花绒产量、单株籽粒质量比对照组分别提高35.67%、17.79%、24.86%;接种组根际土壤碱解氮含量、速效钾含量、全磷含量均降低,而土壤有机质含量、速效磷含量和磷酸酶活性均提高;红花生物量、产量、土壤有效磷含量、磷酸酶活性与丛枝菌根真菌侵染率呈显著正相关关系。说明红花丛枝菌根的形成改善了根际土壤微环境,提高了土壤肥力,从而促进红花生长,增加红花产量,根际效应与丛枝菌根真菌的种类有关。

To study the effects on the growth of safflower and the microenvironment of rhizosphere soil of single-strain inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhiza( AM) fungi Glomus mosseae( GM),G. intraradics( GI),mixed infection of G. mosseae and G. intraradices( referred to as H),the safflower biomass,the infection rate,soil organic matter,soil p H,soil enzyme activity,N,P and K nutrients in the rhizosphere were determined. No inoculation was set as control( CK). The infection rate in mixed inoculation group was the highest,up to 69. 00%. Compared with the control group,the biomass and yield of inoculation groups were improved markedly( P < 0. 05),and the improvement was the biggest in mixed inoculation group which were 35. 67% in safflower biomass,17. 79% in velvet flower yield and 24. 86% in single plant grain weight.The soil available nitrogen content,available potassium content,total phosphorus content, p H and electrical conductivity decreased in the rhizosphere soil of the inoculated groups,while the soil organic matter content,available phosphorus content,water content and phosphatase activity increased. The regression analysis showed that there were positive correlations between saf-flower biomass,yield,soil available phosphorus content,phosphatase activity and mycorrhizal infection rate. AM inoculation improved micro-ecological environment and soil fertility in the rhizosphere,resulting in the improvement of the growth and yield of safflowers. The effects was AM species-dependent.