基于有效应力原理的溃坝分析

Analysis of dam-break based on the principle of effective stress

依据前人的研究分析得知,天然坝的溃决主要是受坝体内部孔隙水压力的影响。因此,基于有效应力原理提出了溢流侵蚀溃决型坝的数学模型,该模型为溃坝时的临界孔隙水压力计算公式。通过对坝体孔隙水压力进行监测,可对该类型坝进行实时预报。为了检验该模型的正确性,设计并进行了大型野外溃坝模拟试验。经试验检验得知,该模型的可靠度较高;同时,该试验还得出了孔隙水压力在坝体内部的分布规律。所得成果对溢流侵蚀溃决型坝的预警预报具有参考价值。

Depending on the previous researches, this paper shows that the natural dam outburst is mainly influenced by the pore water pressure inside the dam. Therefore, the mathematical model of the overflow erosion dam was proposed, which is based on the principle of effective stress. The model is used as the formula of critical pore water pressure of dam-break. The real-time forecast of this kind of dam can be achieved by monitoring the pore water pressure. Large-scale field simulated test of dam-break was designed and carried out to test the validity of the model. The simulation shows the high reliability of the model. At the same time, the distributed rule of the pore-water pressure inside the dam is found out. The obtained achievement have the reference value to the early warning and forecasting of overflow erosion dam.