海南渔民的风帆船航海技术——地方性知识视角下科技史案例研究

Hainan Fishers' Navigation Technology in the Time of Sailing Boat——A Chinese Scientific Historical Case Study from the View of Local Knowledge

海南渔民在帆船时代使用航海罗盘与《更路簿》在南海航行。航海罗盘及针路体现了丰富的中国传统文化知识和中国古代特有的方位指示方法。在长期的航海实践中,海南渔民根据自己的实践经验精细地测定并记载了南海各岛礁之间的针路和更数:"更"表示距离,也大致表示时间;"路"是针路,指航行的方向,针路多为对针记法,具体航行时有单针、缝针、线针、三向并用针路等4类操作,为中华民族的海洋文化积累了弥足珍贵的经验性、地方性知识。

Hainan fishers voyaged in Nanhai with the help of navigation compass and Genglubu （更路簿） in the time of sailing boat. The compass courses on the navigation compass embodies abundant Chinese traditional culture and direction - pointing methods which are peculiar to ancient Chinese. Hainan fishers measured and recorded meticulously the compass courses and the voyage time and distance between the islands and reefs in Nanhai, which is according to their experience in the long history of voyage. ＂Course＂ points the direction of voyage. And there are four kinds of compass courses in Genglubu （更路簿） which are as follows： single course （单针） , separation course （缝针） , line course （线针） and three single courses in one （三向并用针路 ）. These courses are written in the form of round -trip course（对针）. All of these are the experiential and local knowledge which are precious and valuable and are a part of Chinese marine culture.