学校公民共同体与公民品质的培育

Construction of Citizen's Community in Schools and Cultivation of Students' Civic Character

学校公民共同体的建构可以在教师与学生之间形成民主而平等的公共生活,并通过公共生活来促进学生的公民身份认同,发展学生的公民德性。在建构学校公民共同体的过程中,我们必须警惕两条不适当的教育路径:一条是"整体主义"的教育路径,它试图以共同体的"整体目标"来压制学生的个性,损害学生的公民权责意识;第二条路径是"产业主义"的教育路径,它促使学校共同体屈从于市场与商业的逻辑,使教师成为"生产者"而学生成为"消费者",从而损害学校教育的公共性。为了更好地实现公民教育的目标与使命,我们有必要构筑"真正的"学校公民共同体,实现公民身份的平等共享、公共价值的沟通与对话、公共事务的协商与行动,从而增强学生的公民权责意识,培育学生的公民品质和共同体精神,最终使学生成长为优良的社会公民。

The Construction of citizen＇s community could establish the liberal and equal relationship of teacher-student. It can also improve students＇ citizenship identity through the imperceptible influence of school＇ s public life, and develop students＇ civic morality and civic spirit. But, it is needed to pay attention to two wrong ways of education when constructing the citizen＇ s community. The first way is called holism, which focus on the overall objective and cause the community suppressing the individual liberty and rights. The second way is called industrialism, which lets citizen＇s community bending over to marketing and commercial logic that causes teacher-student relationship turning to be produce-buyer which damages the publicity of education. In order to realize the goal of citizenship education, it is necessary to reconstruct the school＇s citizen community, develop the equality of citizen identity, realize the communication of public values, and promote the negotiation and action in public affairs. Finally, school education can enhance students＇ awareness of rights and responsibility, cultivate students＇ public virtue and spirit, and educate them to be good citizens.