“五四”白话小说、平民文学与《中国小说史略》的发生机制

Relationship between the “May Fourth”Movement and the Mechanism of“A Brief History of Chinese Fiction”

《中国小说史略》作为现代中国小说史的奠基之作,探讨其发生机制对还原现代中国小说史的早期建立历程将极具意义。从《史略》的符号化表达及鲁迅的符号化行为看,"五四"新文化运动作为《史略》编纂时最重要的历史语境与文化主体,促使鲁迅从编纂伊始及后续修订依此建构以"口语体"、"白话小说"、"俚语著书"为话语核心的知识结构及表达范式。这种编纂机制在"平民文学"、"民间趣味"等思想的进一步作用下,已有文化主体选择的意味,使《史略》得以有效地分析古代小说的起源、衍变及特征,进而影响其话语选择、思想主体、评价体系的建构。通过这种发生机制,《史略》最终建立了一套具备操作性的带有典范意义的中国小说史书写模式,影响深远。

Viewed from the symbolic expression of ＂A Brief History of Chinese Fiction＂ and Lu Xun＇ s symbolic behavior, the ＂ May Fourth＂ Movement, as the most important historical context and cultural reality, had a profound impact on the work＇ s knowledge structure and expressive paradigm. As a result, popular literature and public interest came in as part of the value judgment of such novels. Such led to his work being easily influenced by others at that time and caused such problems as ＂ generalization＂ and the idea going before the interpretation of the text. Through such an occurrence mechanism, the work eventually established a paradigmatic and applicable writing mode with far-reaching significance.