非水系锂氧气电池正极材料研究现状

Cathode Materials of Non-Aqueous Lithium-Oxygen Battery

锂氧气电池因其具有接近汽油的比能量密度而备受人们的关注。随着研究的深入,研究人员发现锂氧气电池的实用化面临着诸多挑战,如高的过电位、循环性能不佳、能量效率难以保持较高水平等。这一系列问题直接与负极的腐蚀、电解液的分解、正极材料的结构和ORR/OER催化剂催化活性有着非常紧密的联系。本文着重对近三年非水系锂氧气电池正极材料的研究进行综述,将锂氧气电池正极材料的研究分为碳基复合材料和无碳基复合材料进行概括,阐述了不同类别的催化剂和正极材料微观结构对锂氧气电池的充放电性能、循环稳定性、循环效率等性能的影响,并对后续的研究工作做一定的展望。

The lithium-oxygen battery has captured worldwide attention recently because of its energy levels approaching that of gasoline have been postulated. This intense investigation, however, has soon highlighted a series of issues that prevent a rapid development of the lithium-oxygen electrochemical system, such as large overpotential, poor cycling ability, low energy efficiency. Many factor limiting the performances of non-aqueous lithium-oxygen batteries, including the corrosion of the lithium metal, decomposition of the electrolyte, the structure of cathode material and the catalytic activity of catalysts for ORR/OER. This review covers the most recent and significant scientific progress made in the fields relevant to non-aqueous lithium-oxygen batteries, with emphasis on the cathode electrode. After a brief introduction to the different of catalysts and cathode microstructure design, a discussion of the effect of catalysts and cathode design on the performance of lithium- oxygen batteries is presented sequentially, and the final conclusion remarks on future challenges and perspectives.