现代社会消费主义的三重伦理悖论

The Threefold Ethical Paradox of Consumerism in Modern Society

消费主义是现代社会的产物,它已成为现代社会的一种存在样态。与前消费主义时代相比,现代社会在消费主义流行之际,由于生产劳动被抽象地规定为"一般劳动"而使个性、需求以及人的整个生存发生异化。一些后马克思主义者们借助于符号学、人本学等方面的考察从伦理角度展开了对现代社会消费主义的批判。梳理这些批判成果主要体现为揭示了现代消费主义在个性与普遍性、主观需求与客观需求、占有与生存之间所深藏的三重伦理悖论。这一梳理不仅对揭开当下中国消费主义所引发的深层伦理问题有着重要的学理价值,而且也有助于置身现代社会的人们从生活实践层面消解消费主义的危害。

As the product of modern society, consumerism has become a state of existence of modern society. Compared with the former era of consumerism, upon the popularity of consumerism in modern society, the productive labor is specified as 'General Labor' in the abstract meaning, which, however, results in the alienation of the personality, needs and the overall survival of human being. Some post Marxists launched criticism on the consumerism in modern society by means of the studies in semeiology, humanism and other aspects from the perspective of ethics. Sorting of the results of criticism was mainly embodied in the revelation of the threefold ethical paradox of consumerism in modern society deeply hidden in the individuality and universality, subjective needs and objective demands, as well as the possession and existence.Such sorting not only has significant theoretical value to reveal the present Chinese consumerism triggered deep ethical problems, but also helps peoplein the modern society eliminate the harm of consumerism from the practical life level.