中国原始分类与中国典籍类目渊源研究——兼涂尔干与莫斯《原始分类》中国部分解析

Chinese primitive classification and origin of category of Chinese ancient books——Analysis based on Chinese part in Durkheim and Mauss' primitive classification

中国典籍,尤其是类书的类目分类究竟依据何种文化原则,似乎少有人问津。法国学者爱弥儿·涂尔干与马塞尔·莫斯合著的《原始分类》中国部分,为理解中国原始分类与中国典籍分类的渊源关系搭建了桥梁。本文就《原始分类》中国部分展开梳理,对真知、误读、差异加以认可、纠正、弥合,揭示中国原始分类的基本特征及其体系并借之对中国典籍类目的分类原则与依据进行探讨,以勾勒出其与原始分类渊源的大体状貌。

There is few study about principles on which the category of Chinese ancient book is based. Thebook Primitive Classifacation, wrote by French E. Durkheim and M. Mauss, provides a bridge between Chineseprimitive Classification and Origin of Category of Chinese ancient books. Through approving the insight, correctingthe misreading, closing the diversity, this paper tries to analyze the Chinese part of this book, and discovery thecharacter of Chinese primitive classification and its system. Moreover, supported from the Chinese PrimitiveClassification, the paper makes a debate on the criterion and basis of Category of Chinese ancient books, andoutlines the origin relationship of them.