芸薹属作物远缘杂种优势研究

Studies on the Heterosis of Distant Hybridization of Brassica Crops

以芸薹属作物甘蓝型油菜、红菜薹和小白菜的细胞质雄性不育系及相应的保持系为试验材料,研究三者之间的杂交亲和性和远缘杂种优势。杂交亲和性的调查结果表明,3种作物之间远缘杂交均具有一定的杂交亲和性,各组合的母本结实率在52.34%-92.46%之间,杂交亲和指数在3.41-7.85之间,且母本结实率与杂交亲和指数之间具有高度一致性。比较不同作物间的杂交亲和性,以甘蓝型油菜作母本的组合平均亲和指数最高。而在父本相同的情况下,以不育系作母本的组合比以相应的保持系作母本的组合,其杂交亲和性要高。在参与品种比较试验的各材料中,有3个组合的地上营养体产量比对照增产,其中组合：608A×RH03B和608A×JH01B比对照增产极显著,结合杂交亲和性的调查结果,这两个组合可考虑作菜用或饲用。

The sterility line and maintainer line of Brassica , purple flowering stalk, Chinese cabbage CMS were usedas materials to study their cross compatibility and distant heterosis. The results showed that there are certain hybridization affinities among the distant crosses of the three crops. The seed setting rates of the female parents of each cross combinations are between 52. 34% -92. 4 6%, the hybridization affinity index is between 3. 41 -7. 8 5 , and there are high consistency between the seed setting rate of the female parent and hybridization affinity index. Comparing the hybridization affinity between different crops as female parents,the average affinity index of the Brassica napus was the highest,and that of the Chinese cabbage was the lowest. With the same parent,the cross compatibility of the sterility line as female parent is higher than the maintainer line as female parent. Among the varieties or lines in comparison tests,the ground vegetative yields of three combinations were higher than that of CK. The combinations of 608A x RH03B and 608A × JH01B are significantly increased than that of CK,they can be used as food or forage when combined the results of hybridization affinity.