粮食补贴政策的影响机理与投入产出效应

Mechanism and Input-cutput Effect of Grain Subsidy Policy

通过理论分析粮食补贴政策对粮食生产的影响机理,构建双对数生产函数模型,分阶段分品种对小麦、玉米、水稻和大豆四大主要粮食作物的粮食补贴投入产出作用效果进行实证分析,结果显示:亩均粮食补贴对玉米生产的投入产出作用显著,但作用效果被抵消了,亩均粮食补贴对其他作物的投入产出效果不显著;粮食补贴对劳动时间要素投入作用较为显著,特别是对玉米和小麦的劳动投入促进显著,而对水稻和大豆的作用效果不显著;粮食补贴提升了农户种粮的积极性,但产出效果不明显。未来粮食补贴政策应在建立市场价格机制下,进行结构性调整与改革,实行价格与补贴相分离,让补贴以要素投入合理化为基准,通过补贴满足不同作物生产收益所需。

Through theoretical analysis made on the mechanism of grain subsidy policies on grain production ,and by the construction of a double log production function model, this paper made empirical analysis of the input-output effect of food subsidies to four major food crops of wheat, com, rice and soybean. The results showed that the per mu grain subsidy had significant effect on com input and output, though the effect was canceled; The per mu grain subsidy had little input-out effect on other crops;food subsidies had significant effect on labor time inputs, esp. on the promotion of labor input on com and wheat, however, there was little effect on rice and soybean ; food subsidies enhanced farmers, enthusiasm on grain production, but the output effect is not obvious. Grain subsidy policy in the future should be put in the market price mechanism, and make structural adjustment and reform, separate subsidies and price, make subsidy a rationalized element to meet requirements of different crop production.