从龙山文化四种玉器的文化传统看濮阳地区在中国文明形成中的重要地位

Four Types Jade Objects of the Longshan Culture and the importance of the Puyang Region in the Development of Chinese civilization

山东地区的龙山文化出现了一些高档次的、大型的玉器.其中许多不具有山东地区的文化传统.如临朐西朱封2件玉笄,不是龙山文化的作品,可能是石家河文化晚期的作品,辗转传入到山东地区.日照两城镇玉圭,是一件改制品,原件也是石家河文化晚期的作品,后传入山东地区.在鲁东南与胶东地区发现的8件牙璋,都不是龙山文化的作品,是中原地区在公元前1850～公元前1610年之间的作品,在鲁东南与胶东地区的埋葬年代可能在龙山文化之后.五莲丹土1件玉琮可能是龙山文化时期太湖地区的作品.这些精致的玉器传入山东地区,可能是在夏代前期至夏代末期分批次传入的.这些现象可能隐含着夏文化、夏部族与东夷文化、东夷部族之间的某种重要的历史事件.中原与山东地区的文化交流,自然与濮阳地区有关系,期待着濮阳地区夏时期文化遗存的重要发现.

Archaeologists excavated a number of large high-level jade objects of the Longshan culture in Shandong province which may have exotic origin. For example, two jade hairpins from the Xizhufeng site have the characteristics of the Late Shijiahe culture in Hubei province, and might have been imported to Shandong region. So did the Jade gui tablet from the Liangchengzhen site. 8 serrated zhang tablets from southeast Shandong and Jiaodong region were the products of the Central Plains, dating back to 1850 BC—1610 BC, and later than the Longshan culture. The jade cong tube from the Dantu site in southeast Shandong was the product of the Tai Lake region. Those exquisite jade objects might have been introduced to Shandong from the early Xia period to the late Xia period, probably as the result of some important events between Xia people(Xia culture) and eastern Yi people(eastern Yi culture). Cultural interactions between Central Plains and Shandong region naturally are related to Puyang region We can expect more important discoveries of the Xia culture in Puyang region in advance.