娄底市初级中学空间布局合理性研究

Research on the rationality of spatial arrangement of the secondary school in Loudi City,Hunan Province

初级中学作为进入高中教育的重要桥梁,其空间布局的合理与否直接关系到每一个适龄学童受教育的权利能否得到保障、国家义务教育制度能否得到很好的实施.在Arc GIS10软件平台支持下,选取区位熵、最近距离模型、空间覆盖水平测度和交通网络可达性等指标,对湖南省娄底市初级中学教育资源的空间布局的合理性进行研究.研究发现,娄底市各乡镇初级中学数量空间分布差异较大,93个乡镇中2个没有初级中学,22个乡镇只有1所;县域内部差异也较大,如新化县县政府所在地上梅镇有9个初级中学,而天门乡只有1个初级中学;有106个行政村在5 km、1 h步行范围内没有初中可选;中心城区班额严重超标,农村中学教师教育资源匮乏.并针对这些问题提出了可行性对策建议.

The secondary school is an important ladder to step to the high school,whose reasonable layout in the geographical space is directly related to the basic rights of the basic education for every school-age child. With the support of GIS spatial analysis technology,the index of school distribution location entropy,the recent distance model,the spatial levels of coverage of the school and accessibility of transportation network space were selected to analyze the spatial layout of Loudi secondary school education characteristics and differences. The results show the numbers of the secondary schools are great difference among townships.Among 93 townships,where there are 2 townships without any secondary school,there are 22 townships with only 1 secondary school. Internal difference of each county is great too. Such as in Xinhua County,there are 9secondary schools in Shangmei Town where the County government locates,while there are only 1 secondary school in Tianmen Township. There aren't located secondary school at a distance of 5 km or an hour of walking in 106 villages. The renowned secondary schools are congested with 'super-sized class'which mainly locate in the urban centers of each county,while the secondary schools in rural region are lack of teacher resources heavily. At last,the countermeasures to solve those problem are discussed.