城市旅游绩效、要素结构与发展模式关联——基于49市的比照分析

Interactions between Efficiency,Resources and Mechanism of Urban Tourism:A Comparative Study of 49 Chinese Excellent Tourism Cities

论文基于11 000多条网络文本大数据,结合文本分析、重要性-表现性分析、聚类分析与方差分析、分块分析、TOPSIS等方法,从游客感知视角,对49座城市开展比照研究,探析城市旅游绩效与要素结构、发展模式之间的关联。研究发现:1)不同类型城市的旅游要素感知、认可分异相对稳定,将49市归纳为功能组、复合组、资源组、专业组。2)专业组、资源组旅游发展模式相对成熟,功能组次之,复合组较含混。旅游资源对感知网络具有催化作用,城市的核心特质更易引发游客认同。3)要素结构对城市旅游绩效有一定温和影响,发展模式是旅游绩效的主导因素。当前,城市旅游要素开发丰度和深度普遍不足,扩展旅游要素的感知面、加强核心要素的集聚性是提升旅游绩效的基本导则。4)资源禀赋不能单方面决定城市旅游绩效,旅游绩效与城市综合发展水平密切相关。

Urban tourism has become a research focus at home and abroad. Meanwhile,domestic research in this area should situate itself in China＇s urbanization contexts. As pointed out by many researchers, more analysis should be conducted on key issues such as efficiency,resources, mechanism and effects of urban tourism. This paper aims to advance the knowledge of correlations between tourism efficiency, urban resources（attributes） and development mechanism of Chinese tourist cities. To this end, 49 excellent tourist cities in China are selected to make a multi-case and comparative study. Data is collected from more than 11 000 pieces of online narrative texts published on a well-known Chinese tourism business website www.ctrip.com, all of which are remarks of unknown tourists after their visiting the studying cities.Research methodologies of content analysis, importance-performance analysis, cluster analysis,ANOVA, block-modeling and TOPSIS are employed. It is found that tourism efficiency is not in line with yet affected by urban resources qualification, but determined by tourism development mechanism. Besides, both tourists＇ perception and satisfaction levels fluctuate evidently with urban resources, which therefore can serve as the discrimination credits for group- identification of tourist cities. Among these resources, each of 13 is suggested to be critical indicators according to tourists＇ perception and satisfaction. A further analysis shows that the 49 sample cities fit into four groups, which are nominated, respectively, functionprominent group, combinative group, resource- prominent group and tourism- specified group.Differences among these four groups are detailed in terms of tourism development mechanism.The catalyst role of traditional tourism resources to the development mechanism of urban tourism can be identified through a summary review; also the characterizing attributes or resources of the city per se hold a large stake in promoting tourists＇ satisfaction. It is concluded that tourists＇ perception levels tend to be extroversive from high- perceived resources, while satisfaction levels introversive to the most- prominent attributes. These findings might be inductive for policy-making of Chinese tourist cities.