郊区化究竟是加重还是缓解了城市病——基于上海的实证分析

Whether Suburbanization Exacerbates or Alleviates Urban Diseases——Evidences from Shanghai, China

以上海市为例,运用定性与定量分析相结合的方法,分别从制造业郊区化和住宅郊区化两方面分析对上海城市发展的影响。结果表明:1制造业郊区化总体上改善了城市环境空气质量,但对中心城区和郊区的影响方向相反;2住宅郊区化加剧了中心城区和郊区的职住分离现象,恶化了中心城周边地区的交通拥堵状况;3制造业郊区化和住宅郊区化均在一定程度上造成了土地资源的过量消耗。因此,伴随上海郊区化进程的深化,既要控制和削减NO2和PM2.5的排放浓度,又要统筹推进产城融合发展;既要注重推进郊区土地的节约和集约利用,又要控制房价过快上涨,还要关注近郊区的人口结构、产业结构、用地结构、空间结构的互动调整和优化,力争将上海建设成为资源节约型、环境友好型、社会和谐型、生态宜居型的全球城市。

Suburbanization is inevitable trend in the development of metropolis. Exemplified by Shanghai, using the method of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, the authors carry on the empirical analysis respectively for manufacturing suburbanization and residential suburbanization. The results show as follows： 1）Manufacturing suburbanization improves overall urban environmental air quality, but the impact on the city center and suburbs in the opposite direction. 2）Residential suburbanization aggravates the employment-reside separation phenomenon of the central city and the suburban areas, and worsening traffic congestion in center city surrounding areas. 3）Manufacturing suburbanization and residential suburbanization to some extent, result in excessive consumption of land resources. Along with the deepening of suburbanization in Shanghai, therefore, should control and reduce emissions of NO： and PM2.5 concentrations, and push forward the integration development of industries and city; should not only pay attention to promoting rural land saving and intensive use, and controlling house prices rising too fast, moreover, pay more attention to the interactive adjustment and optimization among population structure, industrial structure, land use structure and spatial structure in the inner suburb, will strive to build Shanghai into a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly, social harmony, ecological livable global city.