中国港口铁矿石运输的空间格局及演化

Distribution Characteristics and Evolution of Port's Iron Ore Transport in China

港口作为区域发展的门户,其基本功能是经济腹地与其他区域尤其国际区域之间"流"的集汇点,港口的铁矿石运输是腹地钢铁产业发展的缩影,在铁矿石贸易网络中具有突出的作用。以中国规模以上沿海和内河港口为研究对象,利用1980年代以来的长时间序列数据,基于熵指数及非参数核密度估计等方法,分析中国港口铁矿石运输的数量关系和空间关系演化特征。研究表明:我国港口铁矿石运输规模分布从"双峰状"演变为"单峰状",呈现均衡化的发展趋势,但存在明显的地域差异;铁矿石装卸港口布局大致呈现从零散点状分布到组团和条带状分布,从集中于长江流域向沿海地区转移,从集中在南方个别港口向北方港口转移;我国铁矿石装卸首位港口转移路径是从长江三角洲向山东东南沿海转移,首位度先下降后升高。

Port is regarded as the gateway to the regional development, and its basic function is the sets of ＂flow＂ between economic hinterland and other area, especially the international area. Port＇ s iron ore transport is a microcosm of the development of iron and steel industry in hinterland, which has a prominent role in the iron ore trade network. Based on the research both at home and abroad, this paper uses long time series data since the 1980s to analyze the evolution characteristics of number relationships and spatial relationships for the scale distribution of port＇ s iron ore transport in China. Research shows that, the scale distribution of port＇ s iron ore transport in China turned from the ＂twin peaks＂ into ＂unimodal shape＂, which presents a balanced development trend, but there is an obvious regional difference. Iron ore port layout presents roughly from scattered punctate distribution to groups and banded structure, from concentrating in the Yangtze river basin to coastal, from concentrating in the individual port in the south to the north port. The transfer path of China＇s first iron ore port is from the Yangtze river delta to Shandong southeast coast. Primacy ratio first falls then rises. This paper reveals the scale distribution evolution path of port＇ s iron ore transport in China, and provides theoretical guidance for the function optimization of China＇s port iron ore transportation system.