国内外高铁站区空间结构研究进展及启示

Research Progress of Spatial Structure in Regions of HSR Stations Home and Abroad

相比于高铁带来的时空收敛及区域重构效应研究,高铁站区空间结构效应的理论和实证研究比较滞后,与我国高铁发展的速度严重不匹配。在此背景下,回顾、梳理典型高铁国家站区空间结构研究进展,可为国内高铁站区开发建设提供一定参考。从经济地理学和城市规划学的视角,对高铁站区属性及圈层空间,人口集聚、产业布局、土地使用等经济空间结构和效应,以及形成与发展机理等三大领域进行回顾,并指出相关研究存在的不足及下一阶段研究的改进方向。在西方高铁国家,对高铁站区空间结构的研究已经从早期探索、概念辨识阶段发展到基于定量模型的实证研究阶段,对于定量刻画站区产业空间演变以及指导产业空间布局具有切实指导意义。而国内对高铁站区空间结构的研究基本停留在借鉴国外高铁站区空间演变历程并构思产业发展及用地模式的初步阶段。最后,从开展在高铁站分级分类体系下不同类站区的开发模式比较研究、深化高铁站区空间结构演化机制的研究、关注高铁站区空间格局的效应评估与优化路径的研究以及开展高铁与民航等快速交通市场竞争与合作关系的深入研究等四方面提出未来研究展望。

Compared to the research of time-space astringency and regional restruction effect, the research of spatial effect in regions of HSR stations is relatively weak, which can＇t keep pace with the unprecedented construction speed of HSR. On the base of reviewing the path of spatial structure in regions of HSR stations, this paper summarizes the literature with dividing them into three aspects as following. Firstly, we summarize and define the related concepts; Secondly, economy characteristics and the spatial structure in regions of HSR stations are described from three following aspects, population agglomeration, industry distribution, land arrangement. The existed research focus distinguish between home and abroad, the foreign scholar＇ s research mainly focus on the empirical study on the positive effect of HSR stations by introducing some quantitative models, while the Chinese scholars pay close attention to design distribution of industry, because HSR is an emerging traffic mode. Thirdly, the mechanism of the formation and development of spatial effect in regions of HSR stations, but comparing with the research on economy characteristics and the spatial structure, the relevant research is relatively few because there are so many complicated factors on this region that the factor of HSR can＇ t be stripped out easily. On the fundamental theory, most research give priority to both location theory and regional organization theory, such as growth pole theory, point-axis theory, traffic accessibility theory and TOD theory. In the end, we put forward some prospects for accessing the spatial effect in regions of HSR stations.