宋代灾害流言的传播心理与应对策略

Disaster Rumor Spread Psychology and Coping Strategies in Song Dynasty

两宋时期灾害频发,流言纷起。就传播心理而言,事件的重要性和信息的模糊性是滋生流言的主要原因,而少数人的蓄意煽动、大众认识水平的局限、应对灾害能力的不足和特殊时期心理的剧变是促成流言传播的关键因素。形形色色的灾害流言纠缠着复杂的社会心态和破坏因素,成为侵蚀政府权威和扰乱社会秩序的一股灰色力量,更增加了灾害应对的复杂性和难度。宋代从中央到地方均采取切实有效的办法以应对和化解灾害流言危机:从源头上杜绝流言的产生传布;从信息源入手,惩戒造谣传谣者;力戒妖妄,铲除流言借以生发之本;疏堵结合,以确保灾区人心和秩序的稳定;明辨真伪,处变不惊,理性应对。

During the two Song dynasties,disasters frequently occurred and rumors flew.In terms of spread psychology,the major reasons were the importance of the matter and ambiguity of the information.Deliberate provocation by the minority,limited lever of masses’understand-ing,lack of coping capacity and psychological changes in the special period were key factors to fa-cilitate the spread of rumors.All sorts of disaster rumors,involving complex social minds and damage factors,became the grey power to erode government authority and disturb social order, and then made it more complex and difficult to cope with disasters.The Song government from central to local all took effective measures to resolve it:stop the occurrence of rumors from its origin,punish rumormongers in the source,strictly avoid weird absurd and root out the rumors, sooth or block to ensure stability of the public and the order of the disaster area,distinguish the truth from the false,rationally handle it with no panic.