保水剂和氮肥配施对马铃薯生长和水肥利用的影响

Effects of Combined Application of Water-retaining Agent and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth and Water and Fertilizer Utilization of Potato

为探讨乌兰察布地区马铃薯生产中节水抗旱和水肥高效利用模式,通过田间试验设置2个保水剂水平(0、45 kg/hm2)、5个氮素水平(0、120、140、160、180 kg/hm2)共10个处理,研究保水剂和氮肥配施对马铃薯生长和水肥利用的影响。结果表明:同一施氮水平下,总体上施用保水剂处理马铃薯冠幅、总生物量、土壤贮水量、马铃薯产量、商品率、水分利用效率、水分产出效率和氮素农学利用率均显著增加;同一保水剂用量水平下,总体上马铃薯冠幅和生物量随着氮肥用量的增加而增加,但马铃薯产量、商品薯产量、商品率、水分利用效率、水分产出效率、氮素农学利用率总体均随着氮肥用量的增加先增加后降低,均以保水剂45 kg/hm2+氮素160 kg/hm2处理最高,分别为19 083 kg/hm2、16 290 kg/hm2、85.4%、24.6 kg/(mm·hm2)、69.0 kg/(mm·hm2)、19.5 kg/kg,分别较对照(不施氮肥和保水剂处理)提高33.8%、102.0%、51.2%、49.1%、38.0%。综合考虑,该处理是乌兰察布地区马铃薯生产中最适宜的保水剂与氮素配施组合。

In order to explore the optimal mode of water-saving,drought resistance and efficient use of water and fertilizer for potato in Wulanchabu,a field experiment was carried out to study the effect of the combined application of water-retaining agent and nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and water and fertilizer utilization of potato. There were ten treatments,including two water-retaining agent levels（ 0,45 kg / ha）and five nitrogen levels（ 0,120,140,160,180 kg / ha）. The results indicated that on the whole,potato crown width,biomass,soil moisture content,yields,commodity rate,water use efficiency,water production rate and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency of treatments with water-retaining agent increased significantly,compared with the treatment without water-retaining agent with the same nitrogen amount; at the same level of the water-retaining agent,with the increase of nitrogen dosage,potato crown width and biomass increased but potato yield,commodity potato yields,commodity rate,water utilization efficiency,agronomic nitrogen use efficiency and water production rate were first increased and then reduced,and reached the highest value under the treatment with water-retaining agent of 45 kg / ha and nitrogen application of 160 kg / ha,which were 19 083 kg / ha,16 290 kg / ha,85. 4%,24. 6 kg /（ mm·ha）,69. 0kg /（ mm·ha）,19. 5 kg / kg,respectively,and increased by 33. 8%,102. 0%,51. 2%,49. 1%,38. 0%compared with CK without water-retaining agent and nitrogen fertilizer,respectively. In consideration of the comprehensive performance of the parameters,the treatment with water-retaining agent of 45 kg / haand nitrogen application of 160 kg / ha was the best for the production of potato in Wulanchabu.