不同有机肥对烤烟云烟87生长发育及土壤肥力的影响

Effects of Application of Various Organic Fertilizers on Soil Fertility and Growth of Yunyan 87

为探讨豫南烟区有机肥合理施用技术,利用田间试验研究了不同有机肥对烤烟云烟87生长发育及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,移栽后30 d,与对照(只施用化肥)相比,施用有机肥+化肥处理烟株的株高、茎围、叶片数和叶面积均有一定提高;移栽后60 d,以芝麻饼肥+化肥处理各项农艺性状指标最好。与对照相比,施用有机肥处理产量和产值均显著增加,各施用有机肥+化肥处理间相比,以芝麻饼肥+化肥处理经济性状最佳,产量、产值、均价和上等烟比例分别为2 682 kg/hm2、69 677元/hm2、25.98元/kg和54.34%。施用有机肥+化肥处理烟叶的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均较对照显著提高。施用有机肥+化肥处理土壤中有机质含量在整个生育期均高于对照;不同有机肥+化肥处理间相比,以芝麻饼肥+化肥处理土壤碱解氮含量在移栽后45 d后较高,60 d之后下降较快;另外,芝麻饼肥+化肥处理的土壤有效磷和速效钾含量在整个生育期均较高。综合分析,对于豫南烟区主栽品种云烟87来讲,施用的有机肥以芝麻饼肥最佳。

In order to discuss the rational application of organic fertilizer in south of Henan,the effects of the application of various organic fertilizers on soil fertility and growth of Yunyan 87 were studied. The results showed that compared with CK（ only chemical fertilizer）,the treatment with organic and chemical fertilizers increased the plant height,stem girth,leaf number and leaf area at 30 d after transplanting; the agronomic traits of the treatment with sesame seed cake and chemical fertilizer（ SSC ＋ F） were the best at60 d after transplanting. Compared with CK,the application of organic fertilizers significantly increased the yield and output value.Among the different treatments with organic and chemical fertilizers,the application of SSC ＋ F treatment gained the best economic characters,the yield,output value,average price and high grade leaf proportion were 2 682 kg / ha,6 9677 RMB / ha,25. 98 RMB / kg and 54. 34%. Compared with CK,the application of organic and chemical fertilizers significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate and soil organic matter content in the whole growth period compared. Among different organic fertilizers treatments,the available N content of SSC ＋ F treatment was higher at 45 d after transplanting,and rapidly decreased at 60 d after transplanting. The available P and Kcontent of SSC ＋ F treatment were the highest in the whole growth period. Comprehensively,for Yunyan87,sesame seed cake fertilizer was suitable for use in the production of tobacco in tobacco-growing region in south of Henan.