WTO补贴制度中环保要素解读与演进式条约解释路径--《加拿大可再生能源案》的启示

The Value of Environment Protection in WTO Subsidiary System and Approach of Evolutionary Interpretation: What We Learn from Canada-Renewable Energy Case

上诉机构在《加拿大可再生能源案》中创造性地解读了补贴认定中的"利益"要件,避免将环境保护等合理政策因素解读至利益要件之中。对比上诉机构的解释路径,演进式解释路径曾被上诉机构应用于WTO争端解决实践当中。在适用这一路径解决近年来各国旨在实现温室气体减排的可再生能源政策实践与SCM协定之间的潜在冲突时,笔者发现,SCM协定缔结之时气候变化问题已然被缔约方所认识,而且旨在解决类似环境负外部性的政府补贴情形已在SCM协定的不可诉补贴条款中得以言明。考虑到SCM协定缔约之时的体系安排,演进式条约解释路径的成功适用可能有赖于气候变化国际谈判方面更具突破性的共识。

The WTO Appellate Body( AB) in the recent Canada-Renewable Energy Case developed its jurisprudence in the benefit analysis under WTO SCM agreement so that the feed-in tariff scheme at issue does not constitute a subsidy. In comparison with AB's approach,the approach of evolutionary interpretation is proposed as an alternative to provide a more reasoned report. Since the negotiators in the conclusion of SCM agreement have been aware of the issue of climate change,which was covered by actionable subsidy provisions of SCM Agreement,a broader and deeper global consensus in international climate negotiation is necessary for a successful application of evolutionary interpretation.