非人格化在公共行政中的理论流变

The Theoretical Evolution of Impersonality in Public Administration

公共行政学中的非人格化理念肇始于韦伯的官僚制理论,目的合理性和形式合理性奠定了其思想基础。非人格化理念下现代公共行政开始朝向机构科层化、规则形式化、官员中立化、对象类型化的方向发展。随着社会的后现代化转向加快,非人格化理念开始丧失其指导意义,并逐步将现代公共行政引入效率与公平、技术与道德、自由与牢笼的冲突与困境中。有鉴于此,后现代公共行政学者开始致力于从三方面对非人格化的公共行政进行重构,即颠覆理性基础,强调想象的力量;社会建构行政,强调公民的力量;塑造公共能量场,强调话语的力量,力图打破非人格化及官僚制的理论瓶颈,摆脱实践上的行政困境,为行政管理创新提供理论支持。

The conception of impersonality began with Weber＇ s bureaucracy theory, whose ideological foun-dation was objective rationality and form rationality. Under the influence of impersonality, institutions became bureaucratic, rules became formalization, officials became neutrality, the object became typological in modern public administration. With the acceleration of the speed of the transformation of post-modernization, impersonality begins to lose its guiding position and leads the modern public administration into the dilemma of efficiency and fairness, technology and morality, freedom and cage. Hence, postmodern public administra-tion scholars begin to reconstruct impersonality of the public administration. They try to break bottleneck in theory, get rid of the difficulties in practice and provide theoretical support for the innovation of public admin-istration.