论歌德的政治思想

On Goethe's Political Thoughts

歌德是一位注重道德和文化的政治思想家,他认为一个大民族应该实行松散的邦联制,因为小邦分立不仅能促进地方文化的繁荣,而且能带动整个民族的文化发展;他主张精英执政,依靠德治和法治来管理国家;他提出了以德政和伦理经济为主体的政治伦理学,并从渐进的自然观出发倡言改良,反对革命,其复杂的政治思想既有保守性,又具前瞻性。

As a political thinker who emphasized morality and culture,Goethe believed that a big nation should exercise loose confederation because particularism could promote not only local cultural prosperity but cultural development of the whole nation.He advocated elite politics and governing a state by morality and law and advanced a political theory that mainly included moral politics and ethical economy.Based on his evolutionary natural view,Goethe was in favor of reform and against revolution.His complicated political thought was conservative and avantgarde.