PCA3基因与前列腺癌的诊断及其应用价值研究

Development and application of prostate cancer gene 3 in prostate cancer

前列腺癌发病率在许多国家的男性人群中稳步上升。血清前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）被广泛应用于临床诊断和前列腺癌筛查。然而血清PSA水平处于灰区时前列腺癌检出的特异性低，易导致较高的穿刺活检阴性及过度治疗，临床需要新的肿瘤标志物诊断、预测及监测前列腺癌。前列腺癌基因3（PCA3基因）在前列腺癌细胞和组织中特异性高表达，已被确定为一个前列腺癌分子标志物并初步应用于临床。但PCA3的诊断意义还有待进一步研究。本文关注PCA3分子生物学特性以及在前列腺癌诊断、治疗中的应用进展研究。

The incidence of prostate cancer （PCa） is rising steadily among males in many countries. Serum prostate-specific antigen （PSA） is widely applied in clinical diagnosis and screening of PCa. However, the grey area of PSA levels has a low specificity in PCa screening and may lead to a high rate of negative biopsy and overtreatment. The PCA3 gene is strongly and specifically overexpressed in PCa cells and malignant prostate tissue. The gene has been identified as a molecular biomarker for PCa detecting. The diagnostic significance of PCA3, however, is awaiting further researches. In this review, the progress of molecular biological characteristics of PCA3, and its applications in diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer were discussed.