OXT基因多态性与精神分裂症相关性研究进展

OXT Gene Polymorphisms and Schizophrenia Research Progress

精神分裂症是一类常见的精神疾病,在世界上其终生患病率为1%左右。基因环境相互作用在精神分裂症的易感性中起重要作用,表观遗传修饰提供了用于基因环境相互作用的可能聚点,以产生新的表型。由于精神分裂症遗传和基因多态性可能影响神经递质GABA,多巴胺神经递质,五羟色胺神经递质系统的活动,这往往会导致精神分裂症的失调行为及精神情感症状。自从人们发现5-羟色胺(5-HT),就提出了5-HT系统机能障碍可能与精神分裂症有关的假说。随后出现多巴胺(DA)理论。近十年来,氯氮平及其他新型非典型抗精神病药物的使用,使人们逐渐关注DA理论在精神分裂症病情发生、发展中的作用。如今较为重要的因素为催产素(OXT)。催产素主要在哺乳动物下丘脑视上核和室旁核合成由巨细胞分泌,经过下丘脑垂体轴凸起的垂体后叶,然后释放到中枢神经系统组织和血液中。对其功能的研究有着悠久的历史,其主要生理功能是促进子宫平滑肌收缩和产奶,帮助催乳素使母乳分泌。催产素可使乳腺周围肌肉上皮细胞皱缩,催产素对子宫具有很强的收缩促进作用,但对妊娠子宫更为敏感,雌激素能增加子宫催产素的敏感性而孕酮则是相反的,早已发现其对子宫有促进收缩,并有催乳的作用,并发现和哺乳动物的交配行为,社会记忆,应激的本能是密切相关的。本文就催产素在精神神经系统中的作用做一介绍,然后讨论催产素与精神分裂症的关系。

Schizophrenia is a common type of mental illness in the world, its lifetime prevalence of about 1%. Gene - environment interactions play an important role in schizophrenia, and epigenetie modifications may provide accumulation point for gene - environment interactions to generate new phenotypes. Since schizophrenia and genetic polymorphisms may influence neurotransmitter GABA. The neurotransmitter dopamine, serotonin neurotransmitter system activity, which often leads to aggressive behavior related to schizophrenia symptoms. Since, serotonin （5- HT） proposed the hypothesis that 5- HT system dysfunction may be associated with schizophrenia. Over the past decade, clozapine and other new atypical antipsychotics was used. But people come to focus on Dopamine （DA） theory occurs in schizophrenia disease. Now a important factor is oxytoein（OXT）. Oxytocin in mammals mainly secreted from after nucleosynthesis supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular giant cell. It was released into the blood and central nervous system tissue through the hypothalamie- pituitary axis projection of the posterior pituitary. Oxytocin enables the muscles around the mammary epithelial cell shrinkageoxytocin on uterine contraction has a strong role in promoting. Estrogen can increase uterine sensitivity to oxy- tocin. This article focuse on the role of oxytocin in the spirit of the nervous system, and review the relationship between oxytocin and schizophrenia.