职业性铅接触对铅酸蓄电池生产工人血压的影响

Effects of occupational lead exposure on blood pressure of workers in lead-acid battery factory

目的采用前瞻性研究设计,探讨职业铅接触对血压的影响。方法以2012—2014年在某铅酸蓄电池厂工作的296名工人为研究对象,按接铅浓度分为高、低铅接触组和对照组,通过检测作业场所空气中铅烟尘和研究对象血液中铅浓度,用方差分析比较不同铅接触组工人血压的差异。结果工作场所中铅烟尘平均浓度由2012年的最高0.53μg/L下降到2014年的最高0.09μg/L,工人血液中铅中位数浓度由2012年的最高290.7μg/L下降到2014年的最高189.8μg/L。2012—2014年,高接触组和低接触组收缩压、舒张压和脉压差的升高量高于对照组,呈增高趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而高接触组新发高血压所占百分比(13.5%)高于低接触组(10.3%)和对照组(8.3%)。结论职业性铅接触与铅酸蓄电池厂作业工人血压的改变和高血压的发病风险有一定关联。

[Objective] To investigate the effects of occupational lead exposure on blood pressure by the prospective study. [Methods] 296 workers in a lead-acid battery plant during 2012-2014 were enrolled in the study, and were divided into the high-dose exposure group, low-dose exposure group and control group according to the lead exposure concentration. The concentration of lead smoke dust in workplace and blood lead concentration of workers were detected, and the differences in blood pressure among groups were compared by One-Way ANOVA. [Results] The average concentration of lead smoke dust in workplace was descended from 0.53 μg/L in 2012 to 0.09 μg/L in 2014, and the median blood lead concentration of workers was descended from 290.7μg/L in 2012 to 189.8 μg/L in 2014. The increases of systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and pulse pressure in high-dose and low-dose exposure groups were higher than those in control group during 2012-2014, and the differences were not statistically significant （P〉0.05）. However, the percentage of new case of hypertension in high-dose exposure group （13.5%） was higher than that in low-dose exposure group （ 10.3% ） and control group （8.3%）. [ Conclusion] The occupational exposure to lead is associated with change of blood pressure and risk of hypertension in workers of lead-acid battery factory.