二氧化碳气保焊作业人员畸变产物耳声发射测试分析

Analysis on results of distortion product otoacoustic emission test in carbon dioxide-shielded welding workers

目的 进一步探索电焊锰烟尘对非噪声作业二氧化碳（CO2）气保焊人员听觉功能的影响。方法 选择2014年江阴市职业性锰中毒哨点监测点某机械制造企业的非噪声作业接触电焊锰烟尘的CO2气保焊作业人员48人,根据作业工龄将其分为1~5、6~10、11~15和16~20 a 4组,对4组人员进行畸变产物耳声发射检测（DPOAE）。比较各组间DPOAE的8个测试点（0.5、1、2、3、4、6、8、10 k Hz）信噪比（SNR）的检出率和幅值的差异。结果 作业人员DPOAE的SNR检出率显示,工龄1~5与6~10 a比较,在0.5、6 k Hz测试点P〈0.05;与11~15 a比较,在0.5、6和10 k Hz测试点P〈0.05;与16~20 a比较,在0.5、1、2、3、4、6、8和10 k Hz测试点P〈0.05。左右耳的SNR检出率比较,差异无统计学意义;SNR幅值中位数在测试点0.5、3、4、6、8和10 k Hz随着作业工龄延长有下降趋势。结论 接触电焊锰烟尘的非噪声作业CO2气保焊人员早期在DPOAE测试点0.5和6 k Hz有易感性,随着工龄的延长听力损失加重。

[ Objective ] To observe the effect of manganese welding fume exposure on hearing loss with non-noise circumstance of carbon dioxide-shielded welding workers. [Methods] 48 carbon dioxide-shielded welding workers who were exposed to manganese welding fume in non-noise circumstance were collected from a machinery manufacturing enterprise （occupational manganese poisoning sentinel surveillance point） of Jiangyin City in 2014. They were divided into 4 groups according to the working years, including 1-5 years group, 6-10 years group, 11-15 years group and 16-20 years group, and were tested with the distortion product otoacoustic emission （DPOAE） test. The differences in detection rate and amplitude of the signal noise ratio （SNR） in 8 detection points （0.5,1,2,3,4,6,8 and 10 kHz） among different groups were compared. [Results] The results in detection rates of SNR showed that the differences in 0.5 kHz and 6 kHz detection points were statistically significant between 1-5 years group and 6-10 years group （P〈0.05）, the differences in 0.5 kHz, 6 kHz and 10 kHz detection points were statistically significant between 1-5 years group andll-15 years group （P〈0.05）, and the differences in 0.5 kHz,1 kHz,2 kHz,3 kHz,4 kHz,6 kHz and 8 kHz detection points were statistically significant betweenl-5 years group and 16-20 years group （P〈0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in detection rates of SNR between left and right ear. The amplitude median of SNR showed a downward trend with the increase of working years at 0.5 kHz, 3 kHz, 4 kHz, 6 kHz and 8 kHz detection points. [Conclusion] The carbon dioxide-shielded welding workers exposed to manganese welding fume in non-noise circumstance have the susceptibility at 0.5 kHz and 6 kHz detection points of DPOAE in the early stage, and the hearing loss gets more serious with increasing length of service.