电传操纵运输机操稳适航性问题分析

Analysis on controllability and stability airworthiness of fly-by-wire transport airplanes

电传操纵系统已经成为民用运输类飞机操纵系统的主流。现行适航规章与操稳特性相关的要求主要是基于机械操纵飞机制定的,而电传操纵系统可以设计成与机械操纵不同的操纵性和稳定性,使得适航规章要求与电传操纵飞机之间存在不一致。对波音和空客公司的电传操纵系统操稳设计特征进行了分析,对与适航性密切相关的几个关键问题进行了对比研究,包括主操纵装置型式、响应类型、稳定性特征、大迎角保护、操纵品质评价以及飞行控制律需求捕获与确认等问题,为电传操纵运输机的设计与适航审定提供了借鉴。

Fly-by-wire flight control system has become the mainstream for the control systems of civil transport category airplanes. The present valid airworthiness regulations on controllability and stability apply to conventional mechanical control airplanes. Fly-by-wire systems can provide different controllability and stability,which are inconsistent with the valid regulations,while they may still guarantee flight. In this paper,typical controllability and stability of Airbus and Boeing fly-by-wire airplanes are analyzed and compared in terms of primary control device,response type,stability,high incidence protection,handling qualities evaluation and control law requirements capture and validation to provide reference for development and certification of fly-by-wire civil airplanes.