三交古镇聚落和民居形态分析

Analysis on Morphology of Collective Hamlet and Popular Residences on Sanjiao Town

从历史背景、选址与空间布局、院落街巷的组成、建筑形制及装饰等方面论述了三交古镇的特征,揭示其作为乡土建筑的价值,从而唤起人们对古镇的保护意识。三交地处两省四县交界之处,向为兵家必争之地。明清至20世纪30年代,三交成为山西商人继碛口之后向西北地区扩展的又一个水旱大码头。三交的选址与布局使村落具有较好的景观和生态环境。院落纵向展开,利用山地空间和地形高差,在空间上形成了立体交叉错落的院落格局。三交以窑洞建筑为主要特征,与木结构充分结合,形成了窑房混构的建筑形态。

From the historical background, location and space layout, the arrangement of courtyard street, building style and decoration and other aspects, we discuss the Sanjiao town characteristics and reveal it as the value of vernacular architecture, so as to arouse the awareness about the protection of ancient town. At the junction of the two provinces and four counties, Sanjiao town was the strategic military key point. From the Ming and Qing dynasties until the 1930＇s, the ancient town became a big dock after Qikou town and the commercial trade expanded to the northwest. The location and layout of the town has a better landscape and ecological environment. The longitudinal expansion of courtyard, using mountainous region and terrain elevation difference, formed a three-dimensional cross-stone compound on the space pattern. The cave dwelling construction as the main feature, fully integrated with the wooden structure, formed the kiln room mixed structure building form.