食品安全共治中的信任断裂与制度因应

The Trust Fracture and Institutional Countermeasure of Co-governance in Food Safety Governance

作为治理机制创新的缩影,共治模式意味着我国食品安全治理实践业已从监管中心主义适时转向协力互补的善治轨道,具有良性制度变迁的积极意涵。信任是共治模式中整合多元力量、凝聚各方共识的制度纽带,然而其在公众指向监管部门、科学社群、市场主体等方面相继发生断裂,表明食品安全共治在公权力执法、知识治理、市场规训等多个维度遭遇"失灵"。引发信任危机的深层次因素既关涉"运动式执法"不当取代法理型支配,也涉及科学社群无力塑造知识权威,同时与公众风险感知的社会属性息息相关。从整体主义视角看,应当以系统性的进路,改善监管部门的执法信息基础及其危机性风险交流方法、构筑科学社群的平衡约束机制、建立消费者认知教育制度,进而在普遍意义上稳定公众预期,重塑共治模式的信任纽带。

Co-governance,which is a symbol of governance mechanism innovation,signifies that China＇s food safety governance has been actively transformed from inspection centralism to cooperation among diverse social factors. Trust,as an institutional bond connecting a variety of social power,helping to cultivate consensus,encounters unexpected structural fracture in the directions of the public towards inspection agencies,science communities,and market subjects,indicating having experienced institutional failure in the dimensions of law enforcement,knowledge governance,and market discipline. What causes trust crisis not only concerns the improper replacement of the law enforcement of campaign style for legal dominance,but also concerns science communities＇ failure to build knowledge authority and the social facet of the public risk perception. From a holistic perspective,it is essentially vital to strengthen the information foundation,improve methods of risk communication,establish a balanced constrain mechanism of science communities and a cognition-based consumers education system,and only in this way can the public expectation be stabilized and thus will the trust bond of co-governance be successfully reshaped.